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Turkish Grammar › Converbs

Zaman Ulacı (-(y)ken)

Temporal Converb “While”

Level A2Converbs

The converb that says two things happen at the same time: çocukken, gelirken, ben yemek yaparken.

The suffix «-ken» says that two things happen AT THE SAME TIME: «Ben yemek yaparken telefon çaldı.», «Çocukken çok yaramazdım.»

The most important thing about this suffix is that it does NOT obey vowel harmony. Whether the word has back or front vowels, the suffix is always «-ken»: çocukken, okurken, bakarken, giderken, yorgunken.

It attaches directly to nouns: çocuk - çocukken, öğrenci - öğrenciyken, küçük - küçükken, yorgun - yorgunken.

If the word ends in a vowel, the buffer letter «y» comes in: öğrenci - öğrenciyken, arabada - arabadayken, hasta - hastayken.

On verbs it comes after the aorist suffix: gel-ir-ken, bak-ar-ken, çalış-ır-ken, otur-ur-ken. So with a verb you must first find the aorist form.

The suffix used to be a separate word, «iken»; in formal writing it can still be written separately: «çocuk iken». In everyday language it is written joined.

This converb differs from the others in one important way: THE TWO ACTIONS MAY HAVE DIFFERENT SUBJECTS. In «Ben gelirken o gidiyordu.» I am the one coming and he is the one leaving.

In sentences about time it is often used together with the past progressive: «Ben yemek yaparken çocuklar oynuyordu.»

The converb «-ken» also gives the sense of «while, at the same time»: «Yürürken telefonla konuşuyor.», «Ders çalışırken müzik dinlerim.»

The negative form is rare and is built on the negative aorist: «Kimse beklemezken geldi.»

Examples

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