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Turkish Grammar › Conjunctions

Sebep-Sonuç Bağlaçları (çünkü / bu nedenle / bu yüzden / bu sayede)

Cause and Result Conjunctions

Level A2Conjunctions

The words that link two sentences in a relation of cause and effect.

To state the cause or the result of an event, two sentences are joined with a conjunction. Which conjunction we choose shows whether we put the cause or the result first.

«çünkü» brings in the CAUSE and always stands at the head of the second clause: «Dün gelmedim çünkü hastaydım.» The result is said first, then the cause.

«bu yüzden», «bu nedenle» and «bu sebeple» bring in the RESULT: «Dün hastaydım, bu yüzden gelmedim.» This time the cause comes first and the result second.

So the same event can be told in two ways: «Gelmedim çünkü hastaydım.» and «Hastaydım, bu yüzden gelmedim.» The meaning is the same, the order differs.

«bu nedenle» and «bu sebeple» are more formal; they appear often in written language and in the news. «bu yüzden» is the conjunction of everyday speech.

«bu sayede» is used only for POSITIVE results: «Her gün çalıştım, bu sayede sınavı kazandım.» It is not used for a bad result.

A comma usually comes before these conjunctions: «Yağmur yağıyordu, bu yüzden dışarı çıkmadık.» A comma may also be used before «çünkü».

«çünkü» joins two sentences; it cannot make a sentence on its own. «Çünkü hastaydım.» is incomplete by itself, though in speech it can be used as the answer to a question.

Cause is asked with «neden» and «niçin»; the answer usually begins with «çünkü»: «Neden gelmedin?» — «Çünkü hastaydım.»

These conjunctions have suffixed counterparts as well («-DIğI için»), but those are taught at B2. At this level joining sentences with a conjunction is enough.

Examples

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