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Turkish Grammar › Voice

Dönüşlülük ve «kendi» (-(I)n-)

Reflexive Voice and “kendi”

Level B1Voice

The action turning back on the subject: yıkanmak, giyinmek; and the use of the pronoun «kendi».

The reflexive voice shows that the action turns back on THE SUBJECT rather than on someone else. In «Çocuğu yıkadım.» the action is directed at another person, in «Yıkandım.» at myself.

The verb takes «-ın, -in, -un, -ün»: yıka-n-mak, giy-in-mek, tara-n-mak, süsle-n-mek, hazırla-n-mak.

The suffix obeys vowel harmony. If the verb ends in a vowel, only «-n» is added: yıka - yıkanmak, tara - taranmak, hazırla - hazırlanmak.

Many everyday verbs are reflexive, because they describe what a person does to himself: yıkanmak, giyinmek, taranmak, süslenmek, hazırlanmak, dinlenmek.

In the reciprocal voice you learned in the previous unit, «-(I)ş» shows that the action is done TO EACH OTHER (bakıştılar), while «-(I)n» shows that it TURNS BACK ON THE SUBJECT (yıkandı).

Some verbs are used only in the reflexive form: dinlenmek, utanmak.

Reflexivity is also expressed by the pronoun «kendi». It takes possessive endings: kendim, kendin, kendisi, kendimiz, kendiniz, kendileri.

The pronoun «kendi» also takes case endings in the sentence: kendimi (aynada gördüm), kendime (bir kahve yaptım), kendimden (utandım), kendimle (konuşuyorum).

The second job of «kendi» is EMPHASIS: it stresses that the subject, and not someone else, did the thing. «Bu yemeği kendim yaptım.» — not anyone else, but me.

In this emphatic use the sentence still works if «kendi» is removed; only the emphasis is lost: «Bu yemeği yaptım.» is correct as well.

Using a reflexive verb together with the pronoun «kendi» is usually unnecessary, since both say the same thing: «Yıkandım.» is enough.

But if emphasis is needed, the two can be used together: «Çocuğu ben yıkamadım, kendi yıkandı.»

Examples

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