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Turkish Grammar › Noun Case Suffixes

Çoğul Eki (-lAr)

Plural Suffix

Level A1Noun Case Suffixes

The rules for the plural suffix -lar / -ler and how it is used.

To make a singular noun plural in Turkish, the ending «-lar» or «-ler» is added to the end of the word. This ending follows vowel harmony.

If the vowel in the last syllable is a back vowel (a, ı, o, u), the plural ending is «-lar» (for example: masa → masalar, kutu → kutular). If the vowel in the last syllable is a front vowel (e, i, ö, ü), the plural ending is «-ler» (for example: ev → evler, gözlük → gözlükler).

The most important rule about the plural ending: if the noun is preceded by a number (iki, üç, beş and so on) or a word of quantity (birçok, az, çok and so on), the noun does NOT take the plural ending. You say «üç elma»; «üç elmalar» is grammatically wrong.

There are also some exceptional words that do not follow this rule: saatler, kalpler, harfler, hayaller, alkoller, goller, haller and so on. These exceptions have to be learned as they are.

Examples

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